“Education is the manifestation of perfection present already in man.Divinity is the manifestation of the religion already in man”— SWAMI VIVEKANANDA
Education in India is provided by public schools(Controlled and funded by three levels: central, state and local) and private schools.Under various articles of Indian Constitution , free and compulsory education is provided as a fundamental right to children between the ages 6 and 14. The approximate ratio of public schools to private schools in India is 7:5.
India has made progress in increasing the attainment rate of primary education. In 2011, approximately 75% of the population,aged between 7 to 10 years, was illiterate. India’s improved education system is often cited as one of the main contributors to its economic development.Much of the progress , especially in higher education and scientific research, has been credited to various public institutions. While enrollment in higher education has increased steadily over the past decade, reaching a Gross Enrollment Ratio of 24% in 2013, there still remains a significant distance to catch up with tertiary education enrollment levels of developed nations, a challenge that will be necessary to overcome in order to continue to reap a demographic dividend from India’s comparatively young population.


At the primary and secondary level, India has a large private school system complementing the government run schools, with 29% of students receiving private education in the 6 to 14 age group. Certain post secondary technical schools are also private.The private education market in India had a revenue of US $ 450 million in 2008, but is projected to be a US $ 40 billion market,.As per the Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2012, 96.5% of all rural children between the ages of 6 to 14 were enrolled in school.While more than 95% of children attend primary school, just 40% of Indian adolescents attend secondary schools (Grades 9 to 12). Some of the reasons for the poor quality education includes absence of around 25% of teachers everyday. States of India have introduced tests and education assessment system to identify and improve such schools.

In January 2019, India had over 900 universities and 40,000 colleges. In India’s higher education system, a significant number of seats are reserved under affirmative action policies for the historically disadvantaged Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes. In Universities , Colleges , and similar institutions affiliated to the federal government, there is a maximum 50% of reservations applicable to these disadvantaged groups, at the state level it can vary. Maharashtra had 73% reservation in 2014, which is the highest percentage of reservations in India.
Why India is poor in Education ??
287 million , or 37 % of the world’s illiterate people, are Indian according to UNESCO.While Education is every child’s basic right, severe poverty and deprivation, population growth, war zones and natural catastrophes are depriving many children of a world of books and learning.India’s literacy rate is about 74% – leaving a quarter of the population

without basic reading and writing skills.Poverty and illiteracy are closely linked – and with the second largest population in the world.India is home to one third of all world poverty.While 22% of Indians fall below the poverty line,it has been estimated that more than half of the nation’s population lacks even basic literacy skills.India’s poverty system is improving but problems related to poor health and sanitation, low levels of education, unemployment and malnutrition remain.
“A huge proportion of India’s children, exceeding 50 million in a recent estimate, experience fundamental limitations of learning abilities which have their roots well before they even enter primary school “, wrote Vikram Patel, Pershing Square Professor of Global Health at Harvard Medical School.
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